What is positively-charged Nylon membranes:

positively-charged Nylon membrane is a special filter membrane based on NY membrane with positive charged modification on the surface of NY membrane. It comes with a relatively strong positive charge and is used to remove significantly negatively charged substances in water.

The ability of positively-charged Nylon membrane to remove impurities comes not only from the interception of pore channels, but also from the adsorption of charge force. Through this feature, pollutants in the water body that are far smaller than the membrane pore size, such as bacteria, viruses, endotoxins, etc., can be removed.

NY membrane is widely used in sample collection, sample pre-filtration, sample detection, and removal of particles, suspended matter, bacteria, colloids, microorganisms, odor impurities, etc.

positively-charged Nylon membrane mainly focuses on more special adsorption filtration based on the above applications. It is mainly used in the field of biomedicine, such as bacterial reduction filtration, endotoxin reduction, proteins adsorbing, etc.

What is endotoxins?

Endotoxins are toxic substances that are part of the outer membrane of the cell wall of certain types of bacteria, specifically Gram-negative bacteria. They are released when the bacteria die or undergo cell division. Endotoxins are made up of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which consist of a lipid component and a sugar component.

When endotoxins enter the body, they can trigger strong immune responses, leading to inflammation, fever, and even septic shock in severe cases. These reactions occur because the body recognizes the endotoxin as a foreign substance and mounts an immune response to eliminate it.

How can we remove Endotoxins?

Endotoxins will easily pass through a 0.2 µm sterilizing-grade membrane filter where size exclusion is the sole retention mechanism. But as endotoxins are negatively charged above a pH of 2, a positively charged membrane surface can remove endotoxin. Positively-charged Nylon membrane has a net positive charge on its surface.

Endotoxin removal with MS Positively-charged Nylon membranes:

MS positively-charged Nylon membrane is superior to competitors with same pore size comparison in the endotoxin adsorption rate and endotoxin adsorption capacity per unit area.

Positively-charged Nylon filters

MS MinyPure-NZ filters use a patented modified Nylon 66 membrane with positive charge which can provide enhanced retention of fine particles smaller than the membrane’s rating, such as endotoxins in water. Due to reasonable structure, MinyPure-NZ offers high flow rate, high throughput and low extractables, available in particulate and bio-reduction grades and in sterilizing-grades with low cost.

Features

• Highly hydrophilic, easy to wet
• Positive charge on membrane surface
• Good integrity to ensure the filter sterile-grade
• Particle retention efficiency
• No fiber shedding

Applications

• High Purity Chemicals
• Large Volume Parenteral
• Ultrapure Water for Injection
• Active Pharmaceutical ingredient
• Pharmaceutical-grade Water

Case

①: The endotoxin stock solution at 10 EU/mL can be controlled under 0.25 EU/mL after being passed through the positively charged membrane;

②: In an aqueous solution of Escherichia coli with endotoxin of 104 EU/mL, the removal efficiency reaches over 99.999%.

③: The removal efficiency of 0.04μm PS microspheres is >99.99%.

④: Filtration of E.coli 055:B5 lipopolysaccharide (100EU/mL), removal rate LRV>3

⑤: The endotoxin adsorption capacity of the 25mm syringe filter reaches 2922 EU